Sources and methodology
Every incident, casualty figure and territorial assessment resolves to a named, dated source. Conflicting reports are documented side by side, never silently averaged. If a military communiqué claims forty insurgents neutralised while community leaders report fifteen civilian deaths, both figures are recorded with their own citations.
Inclusion criteria. A recorded incident needs a specific date or a disclosed date range, a location resolvable to at least state and LGA, at least one named source with a publication date, and a summary in original words.
Grading. Events are graded on the NATO STANAG 2022 / Admiralty scale: source reliability A to F, information credibility 1 to 6. A1 means confirmed by independent evidence; B2 corroborated reporting from a usually reliable outlet; C3 a single official communiqué; D4 an unconfirmed eyewitness or preliminary report.
| Source | Type | Citations | Latest |
|---|---|---|---|
| Council on Foreign Relations | ngo tracker | 5,371 | |
| Zagazola Makama (OSINT) | social media | 60 | 2026-09-16 |
| Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP) | academic | 48 | |
| HumAngle | journalism | 28 | 2026-03-07 |
| HQ Nigerian Army Operations | social media | 20 | 2026-08-15 |
| Daily Trust | journalism | 14 | 2026-09-18 |
| Al Jazeera | journalism | 8 | 2026-05-16 |
| The Washington Post | journalism | 4 | 2026-05-16 |
| Reuters | journalism | 4 | 2026-01-27 |
| Channels Television | journalism | 4 | 2026-02-16 |
| Vanguard | journalism | 4 | 2025-11-09 |
| Daily Post Nigeria | journalism | 4 | 2025-11-10 |
| France 24 | journalism | 4 | 2025-08-03 |
| Punch | journalism | 4 | 2025-04-13 |
| Nigerian Army (official) | government | 4 | 2026-09-17 |
| Nigerian Air Force Operations | social media | 4 | 2026-06-21 |
| Nigeria Police Force | social media | 4 | 2026-08-21 |
| Katsina State Government | government | 2 | 2025-08-19 |
| TheCable | journalism | 2 | 2025-08-19 |
| Nigerian Navy Central & Eastern Commands | government | 2 | 2026-09-03 |
| Global Defense Corp | journalism | 2 | 2025-12-19 |
| The Soufan Center | academic | 2 | 2025-08-22 |
| Africa Defense Forum | journalism | 2 | 2025-01-01 |
Counted live from the citations in the database. Aggregate violence levels per LGA: ACLED (acleddata.com), used under its terms of use.